|
The Lords were tenants in chief, and could also be members
of the church - bishops. The Thegns were the fighting men. It was estimated
that it required one hide (approximately 120 acres) to maintain a fighting
man. The Villagers (or Villeins) were tied to the Land. They could not
leave without the permission of their lord. Nonetheless, they held a position
of importance, for they were in charge of a large area of land - on average
a virgate (about 30 acres). Next down were the Bordars, equivalent to
small holders. Below them came Cottars who would live in a small property
with, perhaps, a garden. Finally came the slaves who were in increasingly
short supply and gradually faded out in a couple of centuries after 1086.
The divisions were not entirely rigid and in parts of England
there were also Sokemen or freemen. These were smallholders who actually
owned their land and "could go where they pleased". But as they were prevalent
in places like Lincolnshire, Norfolk and Essex - parts of the earlier
Danelaw - but not elsewhere in England, I have not included them in the
basic structure. |